The Competence Centre on Technology Transfer of the Joint Research Centre launched this study to conduct a brief diagnostic analysis and comparative overview of the state of technology transfer in 12 eastern and southern neighbouring countries, including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Republic of Moldova, Ukraine, Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco and Tunisia. The study describes the main characteristics of the landscape, including relevant stakeholders, players and technology transfer models, identifies strengths and weaknesses of the ecosystem, and provides conclusions and recommendations for each country, with the aim of informing policymaking in this domain.