The aim of the Peer Review is to provide independent advice and concrete recommendations to the Spanish authorities in view of the implementation of their recently approved Spanish Strategy for Science and Technology and Innovation 2013-2020, as well as to consider the need for more systemic reforms. The recommendations are based on: an analysis of the specific challenges of the Spanish Research and Innovation (R&I) system, a critical review of the various policies and mechanisms at play, and experiences and lessons learned from other Member States, in particular in the countries of the Peer Reviewers. Since the main audience of this report is the Spanish authorities as well as stakeholders of the research and innovation system, there is no detailed description of that system in the report, which instead focuses on assessment and recommendations.